Interview Question: What is Multithreading Multitasking Multiprocessing Multiprogramming
Interview Question: What is Multithreading Multitasking Multiprocessing Multiprogramming. Multitasking is the feature supported by the operating system to execute more than one task simultaneously. Multithreading is the system environment where the tasks are sharing the same programs load module under the multitasking environment. It is a subset of multitasking since it concerns tasks which use the same program.
Summary Definitions
- Multithreading: It is an extended form of multitasking.
- Multitasking: When a single resource is used to process multiple tasks, then it is multitasking.
- Multiprogramming: When multiple programs execute at a time on a single device, it is multiprogramming.
- Multiprocessing: When more than one processing unit is used by a single computer, then it is called multiprocessing.
Interview Question: What is Multithreading Multitasking Multiprocessing Multiprogramming
In Multitasking, a single resource is used to process multiple tasks. In multiprogramming, multiple programs execute at the same time on a single device. Multithreading is an extended form of multitasking. In multiprocessing, multiple processing units are used by a single device.
Single-User/Multitasking OS. Examples include Microsoft Windows and Macintosh OS. An operating system that allows a single user to perform more than one task at a time is called Single-User Multitasking Operating System.
There are two types of multitasking which are Preemptive Multitasking and Cooperative Multitasking.
What Is Multiprogramming Explain?
One of the most important aspects of an Operating System is to multi program. The main idea of multi programming is to maximize the CPU time. In a computer system, there are multiple processes waiting to be executed, i.e. they are waiting when the CPU will be allocated to them and they begin their execution. These processes are also known as jobs. Now the main memory is too small to accommodate all of these processes or jobs into it. Thus, these processes are initially kept in an area called job pool.
This job pool consists of all those processes awaiting allocation of main memory and CPU. CPU selects one job out of all these waiting jobs, brings it from the job pool to main memory and starts executing it. The processor executes one job until it is interrupted by some external factor or it goes for an I/O task.
What are the types of multiprogramming?
- Multitasking Operating System.
- Multiuser Operating System.
What Is Multitasking In Computing?
Multitasking refers to the execution of multiple tasks, like processes, programs, threads, etc. at a time. Multitasking also refers to having multiple programs, processes, tasks, threads running at the same time. This term is used in modern operating systems when multiple tasks share a common processing resource (e.g., CPU and Memory). Multitasking is a logical extension of multiprogramming. The major way in which multitasking differs from multiprogramming is that multiprogramming works solely on the concept of context switching whereas multitasking is based on time sharing alongside the concept of context switching.
What Is Multiprocessing In Computer And Example ?
Multiprocessing is the use of two or more CPUs (processors) within a single Computer system. The term also refers to the ability of a system to support more than one processor within a single computer system. The main advantage of a multiprocessor system is to get more work done in a shorter period of time. These types of systems are used when very high speed is required to process a large volume of data. Multiprocessing systems can save money compared to single processor systems because the processors can share peripherals and power supplies.
Multiprocessing refers to the hardware (i.e., the CPU units) rather than the software (i.e., running processes). If the underlying hardware provides more than one processor then that is multiprocessing. It is the ability of the system to leverage multiple processors’ computing power.
What Is Multi-threading?
Multi-threading is the ability of a process to manage its use by more than one user at a time and to manage multiple requests by the same user without having to have multiple copies of the program. Benefits of Multi-threading include increased responsiveness. Since there are multiple threads in a program, if one thread is taking too long to execute or if it gets blocked, the rest of the threads keep executing without any problem. Thus the whole program remains responsive to the user by means of remaining threads.
An Example of Multi-threading
We can think of threads as child processes that share the parent process resources but execute independently. Now take the case of a GUI. Say we are performing a calculation on the GUI (which is taking a very long time to finish). Now we cannot interact with the rest of the GUI until this command finishes its execution. To be able to interact with the rest of the GUI, this calculation command should be assigned to a separate thread. So at this point in time, 2 threads will be executing, one for calculation, and one for the rest of the GUI. Hence here in a single process, we used multiple threads for multiple functionalities.
Difference Between Multithreading, Multitasking, Multiprocessing and Multiprogramming
| Multithreading | Multitasking | Multiprocessing | Multiprogramming |
| Multithreading is an extended form of multitasking. | In Multitasking, a single resource is used to process multiple tasks. | In multiprocessing, multiple processing units are used by a single device. | In multiprogramming, multiple programs execute at the same time on a single device. |
| More than one thread processed on a single CPU. | The process resides in the same CPU. | The process switches from one to another CPU as multiple processing units are used. | The process resides in the main memory. |
| The tasks are always further divided into subtasks. | It is time sharing as the task assigned switches regularly. | It carries multiple processors to execute the task. | It uses batch OS. The CPU is utilized completely while execution. |
| It allows a single process to get multiple code segments. | Multitasking follows the concept of context switching. | A large amount of work can be done in a short period of time. | The processing is slower, as a single job resides in the main memory while execution. |
CPU is a super-fast device, and keeping it occupied for a single task is never a good idea. Considering the huge differences between CPU speed and IO speed, many concepts like multiprogramming, multitasking, multithreading, etc., have been introduced to make better CPU utilization.
Multitasking vs Multiprogramming | Difference Between Multiprogramming and Multi-tasking
| Multiprogramming | Multi-tasking |
|---|---|
| Multiprogramming increases CPU utilization by organizing jobs. | In multitasking, CPU utilization is increased, and responsiveness is also boosted. |
| Concept of Context Switching is used. | Concept of Context Switching and Time Sharing is used. |
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